World Capital City Etymology: 10 questions

Name the city from the etymology or meaning given and any additional hints.

1. Fair Winds (Spanish)
2. Eastern Capital　東京
3. Northern Capital　北京
4. Gardens (particularly those that form in a desert after rain), Arabic
5. Named after the legendary fratricidal founder
6. Named after the two settlements which formed the city, one which means Water and one which means Furnace
7. Named after an ancient goddess of wisdom
8. Named in recognition of its purpose as a home for former slaves
9. Abode of Islam (Urdu)
10. Red Hero in the local language, named during the country’s period of domination by the Soviet Union

Answers below (scroll down)

1. Fair Winds
   A: Buenos Aires
2. Eastern Capital　東京
   A: Tokyo
3. Northern Capital　北京
   A: Beijing
4. Gardens (particularly those that form in a desert after rain), Arabic
   A: Riyadh
5. Named after the legendary fratricidal founder
   A: Rome
6. Named after the two settlements which formed the city, one which means Water and one which means Furnace
   A: Budapest (Buda = water, Pest = furnace)
7. Named after an ancient goddess of wisdom
   A: Athens
8. Named in recognition of its purpose as a home for former slaves
   A: Freetown
9. Abode of Islam (Urdu)
   A: Islamabad
10. Red Hero in the local language, named during the country’s period of domination by the Soviet Union
    A: Ulan Bator

Interesting maps available here about the etymology of city names. Below is an example for Europe.