Words derived from Russian: 10 questions

Give the Russian-derived word (which is used in English and found in the OED) from the description.

1. The clandestine copying and distribution of literature banned by the state.
2. Common name given to bureaucrats in the Communist party, now used more broadly to refer to any bureaucrat.
3. A triangle-shaped mandolin-like musical instrument with three strings.
4. Any exceptionally hardworking or zealous person, often with connotations of excessive compliance with management and lack of solidarity with fellow workers.
5. A tribal priest who enters an altered state of consciousness to commune with spirits.
6. The reform of the political and economic system of the former Soviet Union, first proposed by  Leonid Brezhnev in 1979, and later actively promoted by Gorbachev from 1985.
7. A 40% alcoholic liquor distilled from a mash of potatoes, rye or corn.
8. A Russian vehicle, either a wheeled carriage or a sleigh, drawn by three horses abreast; now also used to refer to a powerful group of three people.
9. A citadel or fortified enclosure within a Russian town or city.
10. A knitted hat that covers the face.

Answers below (scroll down)

1. The clandestine copying and distribution of literature banned by the state.
   A: Samizdat
2. Common name given to bureaucrats in the Communist party, now used more broadly to refer to any bureaucrat, with connotations of obedience to rules and regulations.
   A: Apparatchik
3. A triangle-shaped mandolin-like musical instrument with three strings.
   A: Balalaika
4. Any exceptionally hardworking or zealous person, often with connotations of excessive compliance with management and lack of solidarity with fellow workers.
   A: Stakhanovite
5. A tribal priest who enters an altered state of consciousness to commune with spirits.
   A: Shaman
6. The reform of the political and economic system of the former Soviet Union, first proposed by  Leonid Brezhnev in 1979, and later actively promoted by Gorbachev from 1985.
   A: Perestroika
7. A 40% alcoholic liquor distilled from a mash of potatoes, rye or corn.
   A: Vodka
8. A Russian vehicle, either a wheeled carriage or a sleigh, drawn by three horses abreast; now also used to refer to a powerful group of three people.
   A: Troika
9. A citadel or fortified enclosure within a Russian town or city.
   A: Kremlin
10. A knitted hat that covers the face.
    A: Balaclava

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